We will simply have to disagree. Yours is a more libertarian perspective and mine is a traditional conservative one. Some of it I feel is just semantics as well. You say the State has
authority to tax and I would say yes, it has the authority because it has the
right to tax. The State may give itself the authority to do lots of things that it has no right to, but it only has the
right to do what is natural to it's obligations. For instance, it has the
right to tax you within reason, (And so require you to labour to pay for it.) but it does NOT have the right to tax you into starvation, no matter how much authority it claims.
And as far as being
obligated, that is where I think your argument fails. If one is
obligated to do something, than the person who receives that benefit is not being given charity, for lack of a better word. Charity is what one voluntarily does out of love, kindness, sympathy. You are not required to do so. On the other hand, any
obligation you have; to spouse, friends, your kids, your boss, the State, etc., is so, because the recipient has a
right to receive it. Libertarian minded folks believe that individuals are sovereign entities; the State functioning mostly as arbitrator between those competing individual rights. Traditional conservatives do not. We certainly stress individual liberty, property, and restraint of government, but we believe that man is by nature, communal. Living in commonwealth with a definable 'common good' that the State's chief function is to ensure, defend, and uphold. Hence, care for the sick, the poor, the elderly, may have individual obligation and may be open to voluntary acts of charity, but the entire commonwealth of individuals, acting with the State's authority, have a true obligation to care for them and so those in need, are not receiving a gift of charity, but the addressing by the State of a basic human right, that they deserve.
I realize that we can never agree on this given our differing perspectives but it was nice to pleasantly exchange views.