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Sociology of Being Gay

hummer7979

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Hi. Long time reader, first time poster here.

This has been on my mind for a bit and I wanted to get people's opinions.

Now, I know there are a countless number of threads about why people are gay or bi or transexual, etc. and from what I can tell, it comes down to a matter of "I can't tell, but I can't change, so who cares?" and for the most part, I agree. But, I think many of us, particularly those who aren't out, still think about it.

So I wanted to start a thread to discuss what I think is the most reasonable explanation. I won't claim this is scientific, but please hear me out.


Sociology, as opposed to psychology, claims the behavior is socially based rather than genetically or intrisically based - that our human-ness has more to do with the way we're raised than the fact that our brains work a certain way. The way that you can understand it is with this example:

Say there are two completely isolated islands, each with their own civilization. These civilizations are pretty primative and cannot communicate outside of their island. Call these islands A and B. Say civilization A speaks A-speak and civilization B speaks B-speak. Niether civilization knows anything about the other or their existance.


One day, a new child is born on island A and is raised in civilization A. What is the probability that this child will speak A-speak. 100%.

The next day, another child is born on island A, but is picked up that day by a tornado, but luckily lands unharmed on island B, where it is raised in civilization B. What is the probability it will speak B-speak. 100%

Now, what is the point of that story. Well the idea is that our very being, personality, etc, is very heavily defined by how we're raised. Change language to religion, average stress-from-work, values, and the story can be read the same.


But can sexuality be treated like this? The topic of sexuality brings up the idea of gender roles. Just to define: sex is physiology (male, female) while gender is social (masculine, feminine). I think most of us know that there are more than 2 sexes. In fact, some claim that there are really 5, ranging from true male to true female, with true intersexed in the middle. Then there are gender roles. Though I don't want to go into full detail on this particular post (and I will if someone wants to discuss), gender roles are completely socially created.

Ok ok. So what about being gay. Let's say, for sake of argument, that being gay is not genetic. However, it's also not something you can change.

Here is my hypothesis. In terms of relationships, "true love," soul mates, etc. we are NOT attracted to sex, but rather gender (the difference is genetic versus social). It is when we deeply associate a specific sex to that gender that we define it as an attraction to a specific sex. The reson I feel this way is that despite the fact that we feel attracted to the same sex, we do not feel attracted to someone solely because they are of the same sex. That is, some of us prefer more masculine or femenine partners. I also feel this way because I have "fallen in love" with women, but feel strange bridging that love to sex because it feels weird. That weirdness of course is that it goes against the deep association I've made of my preferred gender with the male sex.


And so from this definition, there is no homosexuality or heterosexuality. We all have the potential of being a full range of genders. Because gender is social, it is determined by how we are raised, though we have no control over that. This gender indentification causes us to be attracted to a certain other gender (the complementing half, if you will). And soon we associate that corresponding gender to a specific sex.

This is not the same, I think, as claiming that we are all bisexual, more like that we all start off as asexual. I don't think we necessarily start off being attracted to more than one sex, but that we are capable of associating gender roles to more than one sex. The split really happens when (and if) we have made the definite association between gender and sex. Therefore, if you are dead set that the type of, say, masculinity that you are attracted to can only be found in males, and you are a guy, then you would classify yourself as a homosexual. But a man who can see his desired gender in both men and women may classify himself as bisexual, or perhaps oftenly, heterosexual, when that association with men is never realized.

I think this also explains another effect - when sexual attraction toward a certain sex happen seperately from gender, where you get "straight men" who might completely enjoy sex with another man, but could never feel right being in an intimate relationship. Also, this explains how two men can be best of friends, complementing personalities, and perhaps perfect for an intimate relationship, but the early gender-to-sex association establishes a barrier.


So that's it.

I guess the biggest "problem" with this is that it's not the most politically friendly point of view.

I'm not a huge fan of scientists claiming that behavior is genetic. If you look at a lot of psychological studies, you'll find that, though the random sampling may be of people of diverse genetic make-up, they usually all come from similar cultures. For example, consider the conclusion that men have better spacialization skills than women, implying a genetic link with the sex gene, even though in western culture, boys are more often encouraged to join sports that would promote such skills. Psychology is very difficult to make emperical and the coolness and simplicity of genetic explanations make people forget that.

Homosexuals often like to push that their sexuality is genetic because it is irrefutably intrinsic. Saying that it's based on your upbringing implies that perhaps it was somebody's "fault." The problem is that this also tends to divide the non-heteros. Gays feel like bis are hurting their genetic and "can't-change" argument. And often both feel that transgendered people are just making them look like freaks.

I think the only way to solve this problem is to promote the idea that there isn't a gay or straight or bi, but that you are what you are at the moment, because what we're truely attracted to transcends physical sex, male or female. And when we can break that barrier, we'll realize that we have a lot more in common than we think.


Thoughts?
 
Man, you even managed to make my freaking sex life boring.

I'm not sure I get it.. you're saying we're all bisexual (I don't belive that, by the way, and I get bugged when people insist it's the case) but we've learned to act in certain ways.

So effeminate men came from effeminate parents?

How do you explain the Diesel Dyke that is Chastity Bono having the only guy that James Taylor could beat the shit out of for a Dad and having a glamour queen as a mother?

I'll tell you this. I'm gay.

I'm attracted to men... I'm attracted to many different kinds of man... tall, short, thin, fat, hairy, smooth, masculine, feminine, muscular and lean.

I am not attracted to a single kind of female... at all.
 
I think what bugs me about what he has to say is that is seems to suggest that men who are attracted to men are acting like women and that there's some sort of gender-role disfunction or something.

I'm going to guess he hasn't got a lot of gay friends and gets his out-dated stereotypes from reruns of Will & Grace.
 
All I know is that I'm sexually attracted to men and have been since I noticed sexual attration starting.

I certainly didn't have any role models telling me to whom I should be attracted, and it had nothing to do with gender roles.

I'm attracted to men, and women have nothing to do with it.
 
Just to define: sex is physiology (male, female) while gender is social (masculine, feminine). I think most of us know that there are more than 2 sexes. In fact, some claim that there are really 5, ranging from true male to true female, with true intersexed in the middle. Then there are gender roles. Though I don't want to go into full detail on this particular post (and I will if someone wants to discuss), gender roles are completely socially created.
You lost me when you went from sex is physiology (male, female) to there are more than 2 sexes...

... and I'm surprised that most of you knew that there were 5 sexes. It's certainly news to me, LOL... I guess I must have been dumped on Island B.
 
I think I understand what you're getting at, hummer, but I think you're oversimplifying... just as those who wish to rest the entire argument on "it's genetic and therefore not my fault" are oversimplifying.

There is some evidence of a genetic component to homosexuality, and there is some more evidence of perinatal and postnatal biochemical components, and certainly a number of psychological components and, of course, a great many sociological components.

That it cannot be changed is self-evident: no substantial evidence has supported the idea that one can change one's sexual orientation. But as to the behavior and the pathology of sexuality, homo- or hetero- or bi- or pan-, it's far more complex than our current understanding can encompass. That doesn't mean that we shouldn't continue to investigate, it means that we should not jump to conclusions yet.

I think the problem here, the reason we're all so hot to oversimpify the thing, is that there is a political component involved. But it is my feeling that, politically, the genesis of sexuality is not at issue, whether or not it's anyone's fault is not the issue... the right to arrange one's affairs as one sees fit, so long as you're not diminishing the rights of others, is the issue.

So let's divorce the different components of this question: we have the A) Sociological Component, which is very interesting because everything people do is interesting in one way or another; the B) Biological Component, which covers the genesis of sexuality and is interesting because it's science and science always furthers our understanding of the world; and the C) Political Component, which covers how sexuality is treated by society and government.

Sociologically, many of your statements hold water. I mean, you simply cannot divorce sexuality from society, since it is essentially a social activity. Our social conscience, our learned ideals about gender behavior, our learned ideals of beauty, all of these play a major part in our sexual behavior; however, it still leaves the sexual impulse unexplained.

And then, once you take them out of the context of Western Civ, where are you? You'll still have a lot of sexual issues that cannot be as conveniently arranged. I mean, I have no idea what the incidence and sociology of sexuality and gender has been in the East, or among aboriginal peoples in Africa, South America, and the Pacific Islands... have you studied that? I know that Margaret Meade did a lot of reasearch in these fields, but it's been many years since I took Social Anthropology, so I'm a bit rusty on the data.

So anyway, keep digging. And don't get too wedded to your theories, that's dangerous.
 
^ Very True

On the subject of gender roles, the social constructionist viewpoint is clearly substainciated, but it does not truly apply to intersexed children.

So if it cannot explain intersexed children (as in there is no social reason why anyone on earth would want to feel trapped in another's body), then the theory itseld is not yet fully formed. I agree completly with Robert~Marlene. You do have to be careful about oversimplying.

Also, I would argue that sociology itself can be a racist medium. As it is strongly grounded in westren notions about superoity (the roots of the practice, as well as the modren assumption that we have systems that can accurately predict the social dynamics of people) and does not included a spiritual componet of its research, it can only be generalized to a largely westren culture. Also, it lacks the ablity to be applied to anything where there is extereme poverty and ineqaulity. Therefore, it does not (as Robert pointed out) have enough weight to explain global gayness.

Secondly, as Soilwork induced, it also can't explain children who were raised with strict opinions against homosexuality and who turned out flaming gay anyway.

Why do we need an answer? If you do want to look, dearie. Try some Woman's Studies courses. They have a broader range of perspectives on sexuality.
 
There's a book by Gilbert Herdt called "Third Sex, Third Gender: Beyond Sexual Dimorphism in Culture and History" that you might find interesting. It's essentially a collection of essays on non-traditional or minority definitions of sex and sexuality that exist/existed in different cultures. Once you start to read about this kind of thing, you realize that in every human society that's ever existed there has been some kind of outlet for non-heterosexual sexual activity. Everyone knows about pederasty in ancient Greece, but there are about as many variations of homosexual activity as there are cultures in the world. I feel like I've read about every variation on sexuality imaginable... the most unusual was probably a modern-day tribe in new guinea, in which oral semen transmission from unmarried boys to younger boys is seen as a spiritual transmission of the essence of life itself. As weird as a culture in which little boys grow up giving head may sound, there are plenty of other cultural traditions in the world now and in the past that would seem just as strange to any of us.

The part about this line of thought that disturbs me is that when such a tradition is present, it is not necessary bad for those involved. The kids in this tribe (or in ancient Greece) presumably turn out normal, while an American exposed to the same thing would be a psychological wreck. Maybe they've never heard of these practices or cultures, but I've always wondered why the religious right doesn't try to use such studies to their advantage. Maybe because it could backfire..? Their argument could be that when deviant behaviour becomes mainstream, it becomes normal and is no longer a problem--which is why it needs to be stopped before it gets that far. Then again, the other side can use that argument too--why would gay people have psychological problems if there was nothing different or unusual about their thoughts?

But that just sends you right back to the beginning. You can't argue that being gay is normal along that line of thought unless you admit that there have been societies in which pederasty was normal. Now you're stuck in this huge philosophical debate about what children should be exposed to.

Oops, getting way off topic. But I guess there is a reason that people don't seem to pay attention to such studies on the nature of sexuality- no one knows what to make of it, and it will throw anyone for a loop.
 
Wow I didn't expect so many responses so soon.

Soilwork:

I want to specify that I did not mean to imply that there are universal types of puzzle-piece gender pairs, rather that the one we find attractive becomes narrowed. Also, gender type is a very fuzzy thing. The main point was that we are attracted to an intrinsic social characteristic of people and then we associate that characteristic to a specific sex, establishing our sexual orientation. Another thing - I make the assumption that there is such a thing as "true love." So when I refer to that attraction, I really mean the potential to be in love with a person. This does not mean that one can't be sexually (physically) attracted to a whole bunch of types of people. Masculine and femenine mean a lot more than just butch and effeminate.

I didn't mean to sound naive. I realize that sexuality is a very complicated thing. I merely want to bring up an idea that would deal with sexuality in a universal way rather than just gay people.
 
It's the breeding that I'm most puzzled by. While I am quite interested in the sociology of orientation, and I think there is some very credible science behind it, I don't understand how the instinct to copulate fits in here. Does it not seem at least plausible that there is some physiological mutation that would have to take place to allow someone's reproductive instinct to be satisfied with homosexual activity? And if so does that not compromise orientation being entirely behavioral?

I don't claim to have an answer for this, but I also think it can be explained sociologically. First, I think that instinctively, we do not have sex to breed. We learn at an early age that birth is the result of having sex. I am more prone to believe that during childhood, there is an association with an adult that establishes an ideal gender. I don't think it's necessarily a parent, but often it is. Think the Oedipus complex. I'm not really close to my father, but I did grow up with a certain inferiority complex far before I knew I was gay. I don't know if it has anything to do with it, and I'm not suggesting that all gay people are because of that, but I can't help but think it was part of it.

Of course, then there's the social norm of being straight. If you don't ever consider the possibility of being gay, then you're probably more likely to get married and start a family. Then maybe the Freudian projection clicks in and your latent homosexuality becomes your suspicion of others being gay, etc.

Also, I find it interesting that to get pandas to mate, they often have to show them videos of pandas mating. Now, we're not pandas, but I think it does suggest that there is a certain social component to breeding sexually.



Thanks again for all the replies. I do want to discuss with everyone so bear with me.
 
You lost me when you went from sex is physiology (male, female) to there are more than 2 sexes...

... and I'm surprised that most of you knew that there were 5 sexes. It's certainly news to me, LOL... I guess I must have been dumped on Island B.

If you're interested, the person to look up is Anne Fausto-Sterling.

Here are some stats: (from http://www.isna.org/faq/frequency/ ; the website has a neat table)

Not XX and not XY one in 1,666 births
Klinefelter (XXY) one in 1,000 births
Androgen insensitivity syndrome one in 13,000 births
Partial androgen insensitivity syndrome one in 130,000 births
Classical congenital adrenal hyperplasia one in 13,000 births
Late onset adrenal hyperplasia one in 66 individuals
Vaginal agenesis one in 6,000 births
Ovotestes one in 83,000 births
Idiopathic (no discernable medical cause) one in 110,000 births
Iatrogenic (caused by medical treatment, for instance progestin administered to pregnant mother) no estimate
5 alpha reductase deficiency no estimate
Mixed gonadal dysgenesis no estimate
Complete gonadal dysgenesis one in 150,000 births
Hypospadias (urethral opening in perineum or along penile shaft) one in 2,000 births
Hypospadias (urethral opening between corona and tip of glans penis) one in 770 births
Total number of people whose bodies differ from standard male or female one in 100 births
Total number of people receiving surgery to “normalize” genital appearance one or two in 1,000 births

Now, I don't know anyone personally who has told me that they are intersexual, but apparently it's a lot more common than we might think.
 
I don't agree. I don't think being gay or straight is a choice, I've never felt like it was for me.......and my brother and I were raised the same yet he is a married with two kids and I'm a single sometimes lonely gay boy.

I agree with Jasun, I'm attracted to men not women. I can see beauty in the female form but I don't get a stiffy from looking at them yet I do from looking at men.

Who knows maybe we are all born bisexual or asexual and fall on one side of the fence or the other or sometime sit on the top dipping a toe on one side and then the other. Human beings are complex creatures but I think it's time we stopped analysing and just living our lives!!

I don't spend my entire life thinking about this particularly, though I am generally interested in sociology. I definitely did not mean to imply that sexuality is a choice, but let's define what we mean by choice. You can choose to eat a sandwich or horse manure. You can choose to have sex with a man or a woman. But most likely, you cannot choose who you fall in love with. That's what I mean. Part of the motivation is that homosexual men can in fact have a the standard wife and two kids life, and even enjoy having sex with women but not have that full connection and still desire to be with men. I'm suggesting that sexual orientation and the type of person you could potentially fall in love with are separate things.

Consider this: think of your closest friend that's a woman. If you met a person that had her personality but was a guy, would you consider this person as a possible mate? At least in my experience, I would say yes. So why am I not attracted to her sexually?
 
Why don't we make it more fun? Let's play with one of the other possibilities you mention in passing. Let's say that Island A is populated by Southern Baptist fundamentalists, while Island B is populated by Mormons...

Yeah it's kind of troubling if you think about it. Most people would like to think that there is something about them that defines who they are individually, a soul that is the same no matter what body it takes. But really, it's not. Imagine if you lived in a Southern Baptist community, you'd almost certainly be Southern Baptist. You'd be a completely different person, possibly even the type of person you currently despise.
 
There's a book by Gilbert Herdt called "Third Sex, Third Gender: Beyond Sexual Dimorphism in Culture and History" that you might find interesting. It's essentially a collection of essays on non-traditional or minority definitions of sex and sexuality that exist/existed in different cultures. Once you start to read about this kind of thing, you realize that in every human society that's ever existed there has been some kind of outlet for non-heterosexual sexual activity. Everyone knows about pederasty in ancient Greece, but there are about as many variations of homosexual activity as there are cultures in the world. I feel like I've read about every variation on sexuality imaginable... the most unusual was probably a modern-day tribe in new guinea, in which oral semen transmission from unmarried boys to younger boys is seen as a spiritual transmission of the essence of life itself. As weird as a culture in which little boys grow up giving head may sound, there are plenty of other cultural traditions in the world now and in the past that would seem just as strange to any of us.

The part about this line of thought that disturbs me is that when such a tradition is present, it is not necessary bad for those involved. The kids in this tribe (or in ancient Greece) presumably turn out normal, while an American exposed to the same thing would be a psychological wreck. Maybe they've never heard of these practices or cultures, but I've always wondered why the religious right doesn't try to use such studies to their advantage. Maybe because it could backfire..? Their argument could be that when deviant behaviour becomes mainstream, it becomes normal and is no longer a problem--which is why it needs to be stopped before it gets that far. Then again, the other side can use that argument too--why would gay people have psychological problems if there was nothing different or unusual about their thoughts?

But that just sends you right back to the beginning. You can't argue that being gay is normal along that line of thought unless you admit that there have been societies in which pederasty was normal. Now you're stuck in this huge philosophical debate about what children should be exposed to.

Oops, getting way off topic. But I guess there is a reason that people don't seem to pay attention to such studies on the nature of sexuality- no one knows what to make of it, and it will throw anyone for a loop.


Thanks. I'll definitely check that book out. I have heard about the practice in New Guinea and yea, it's strange to think that a person would be considered messed up in our society if they went through such experiences. But then again, feeling messed up is also a function of what is normal. I bet a lot of American or western practices would make someone messed up in another culture.

It's pretty clear to me that there are many reasons why people can have psychological problems and merely being gay is not the reason. I would say it's more likely that gay people repress their sexual desires because it's not considered normal. Repression of desires leads to perversion (not necessarily sexually like in this case), which may manifest itself in preying on children who are relatively defenseless and innocent. Think about it this way: how often is it that when a gay man does something bad, like rapes a boy, he is either horribly repressed, or not adjusted into society. Yet gay men who are out and adjusted can have a loving relationship and adopt and raise children. It's no different with straight men who rape girls, except that society makes it easier for heterosexuals to explore their sexuality and therefore avoid repression and perversion.

What I'm trying to argue isn't that being gay is normal, but that the process to which we establish our sexual orientation isn't necessarily different from straight people.

Maybe finding out why we're gay isn't that necessary to our daily lives, but if education is necessary for social change, then I think it's worth pursuing. I don't think the gay rights movement would have been as strong if being gay wasn't presented as something we couldn't change. And I'm sure there were people back then who said "whatever.. I do what feels good. who cares if it's a choice. just stop talking and let's have sex." ::shrugs::
 
I'm not sure that's not backwards. That social characteristics are not what leads to the sexual orientation but does play a role in which individual out of a group we'll find more compatible and socially appealing and that being able to make those choices develop over time along with the development or maturation of self-identity and the ability to separate self as being something distinguishable from "other".

What distrubs me more though, is why I pointed out the one member's use of the word "pathology". It disturbs me when people begin their exploration with a premise that homosexuality or bisexuality is a "pathology"; i.e., a deviation from a healthy, normal, or efficient condition, or as if they're attempting to determine an anatomical or functional manifestation of homosexuality as if it were a disease. Personally, I'll be more interested in any studies of this nature when there is equal emphasis on explaining the origins of a heterosexual orientation rather than an emphasis always seeming to start from a premise of an orientation being a "pathology".

You bring up an interesting point. But consider this - what part of being a man means being masculine? Masculinity and femininity mean different things in different cultures. So let's say the progression is this: you start off as being attracted to men. Then you associate masculinity with men. In the end, you become attracted to this masculinity. The question is - is your attraction to men more flexible or your attraction to masculinity. Imagine that in the midst of your sexual development, you were put in a society where women were masculine and men were feminine. Would you then be attracted to femininity or would you be attracted to women? My argument is that if you haven't fully realized your attraction to men, you would most likely be attracted to women in this situation. Now this is really tricky because if you really believe that you were born liking men, then that example is absurd. And most of us who are old enough to read this message board have already strongly established their sex of choice, regardless of whether gender or sex attraction came first. It's really hard to think of the time when we haven't established our sexual desire for the same sex, and often, our realization causes us to "rewrite history." "oh yeah, now I remember that time I played ball with that other kid. duh! of course I was gay!" That's really no different from saying "shit, that rainstorm made us stay inside, even after I prayed for sunshine. but now I get to bake cookies with you. wow. God works in mysterious ways." Self-fulfilling prophesy, they call it.

Sorry - my mind's a bit jumbled right now. I'll have to think about this and get back to you.
 
I still think there's a difference between hardwiring "gentic code" which gives us, basically, unchangable attributes (and yes that IS simplistic, for the sake of argument), and the software which is inputed into the hardwired matrix.

There was a series of experiments, and I'll be jiggered if I can remember the where and whyfore, but the tried giving girls traditional boys toys, guns, cars, and the like and boys girls toys, dolls etc. in a controlled environment with as little pressure for gender specific condition from the adults as possible.

What they discovered is that boys WILL be boys and girls WILL be girls when it comes to the hard wiring of the brain. And that SEEMS to be sex linked.

I would be very interested in reading about that experiment because it would suggest that I'm wrong. I'll start researching and I'll let you know if I find something.
 
eurgh i study sociology at college (in england) its such a BLEUGH subject.. my teacher teaches it like its a maths lesson and its done very formal.. other colleges teach it SO much better.. due to the way its taught.. i hate the subject =(.. im new btw.. this is my FIRST EVER POST!
 
eurgh i study sociology at college (in england) its such a BLEUGH subject.. my teacher teaches it like its a maths lesson and its done very formal.. other colleges teach it SO much better.. due to the way its taught.. i hate the subject =(.. im new btw.. this is my FIRST EVER POST!
lol I hate sociology with a passion as well because of my prof. At least I'm done with it now. My transcript will probably look like this:

Calculus - A+
Economics - A+
Business - A-
Sociology - C

I'll be lucky if I get a C in that class.
 
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