Leaving aside the possibility that China might splinter along regional lines, which you do mention, or along religious lines, which you don't, demographics would seem to suggest that you are probably wrong in your prediction.
Within the next two decades, China's population -- as a percentage of the world's population -- is predicted to drop ... to somewhat less than a fifth. At the same time, China's percentage of the world's population which is over the age of 65 will rise. According to figures put out by the UN & the US Census Bureau, by 2525, approximately 25% of the world's population aged 65+ will be Chinese.
Many of these people have barely a primary-school education, if that. Many of them live in rural areas. Many of them have already spent lives without adequate food or medical care. Many of them will also be women. In a society where care for the elderly is traditionally passed on through the son(s), the odds are -- due to China's population control policies, that a woman reaching retirement age in by the end of the next two decades will have had fewer than two children, and roughly one-third of them will have had no sons.
China's version of Social Security is already a mess, and is tottering toward collapse. At present, it covers only about one in six workers. The current liabilities the system has, from only those approximately one in six workers, appears to exceed China's current GNP. Even were China's economy to continue to grow at a rate of 10 to 12% per year for those two decades, the figures suggest that China's entire GNP, if applied only to the retirement system, would still not fund the current existing liabilities.
This looks more like a rather sudden plunge into catastrophe than emergence into world-superpower status, to me.