It is not a matter of holding blacks to a "lesser" standard, but rather a different standard. We have been struggling with the question od promotion standards since the 60's and we know that African Americans do not do well in the traditional tests and other standards of promotion have been adopted by cities, states, the Federal Government and private corporations.
We do not use SAT's as the sole determinate for College entrance any longer and as a result our colleges are well integrated.
Obviously the educational system is not doing what it should, unless you ascribe the poor results among African Americans to a natural inferiority. Whatever deficits you may see in the African American Community, the only thing we know for sure is that racism is the primary cause for those deficits.
The US has taken extraordinary, even heroic steps to correct the results of racism and to leave future generations with a non racist world. Affirmative Action has been the prime mover in the integration of the US and the result has been a rapid integration of many aspects of society. Actually, the integration of Police and Fire Departments was dealt with in the 70's and 80's (except perhaps in NYC).
I think the city had every right to throw out the test if the results would have created a minority imbalance and so did most Judges that looked at the case. Unfortunately we have five right wing Judges on the court that have an absurd rigid view of the Constitution, particulary when it comes to individual rights and racial matters.
What "different standard" are you referring to? As I understand, the test was not disproportionate in any way, even "ensuring broad racial participation in the design of the test and its adminstration." It seems you are trying to imply they administered different tests to the groups. If African-Americans can not excel on a test, one in which they have equal training and preparation for, as the other men had, than this is not a question of fair promotion standards, but one of individual incompetency that evidences no grounds of racial inequality. The irony that all the black men failed is just that in my opinion, and is not evidence of a "different standard" being applied. And, please, explain what you mean by "traditional tests" you claim African-Americans do not do well on. This was a standard test, written and oral, that is standard across education to job assessments to determine qualifications. Because African-Americans can not pass means standards that are applied everywhere should be changed for their sake? Now, that's unfair.
The SAT argument is comparably groundless. Many students white, black, latino, asian, etc. fail to get perfect scores, and, alternatively do get perfect scores. Does such result across a diversified spectrum indicate discrimination? I think not, merely exercise of potential, which varies.
I don't even want to broach the subject of racism in our education system, as I grew up and was educated in public schools all my life along side proportionate populations of every race. I observed there was no special treatment, so that fails to qualify with me. I got a sound education in the same classrooms as the African-Americans I shared it with. There wasn't a significant disproportion of African-Americans failing to learn to white kids learning. We all had the same opportunity. It was a question of how ardently the individual applied oneself.
Affirmative action was a great initiative to eradicate discrimination, but when it becomes a discriminating practice itself, after all this time and the progress we have made in racial equality so that the argument is obsolete after the strides, and even the election of black president, Harvard educated mind you, it becomes a tool for reverse discrimination, recreating the wrongs it took so long for us to heal and overcome.
The ruling was fair, and in my mind the action needed to signify that the whole argument of racial discrimination is overblown and outdated to the detriment of the society Affirmative Action was created to protect.