Violence can be very damaging without causing physical harm. The Columbia University campus was rife with hostility, harassment, and disparate treatment toward Jewish students based solely on their identity -- not their personal viewpoints. I invite you to re-read the
Associated Press link I posted above by Carolyn Thompson. "Screaming at all Jewish people" is perhaps a good illustration of the problem that created the difficult situation we are discussing. Screaming at all Jewish people is not "opposition to Israeli policy."
The Columbia situation escalated over time. If you read and listen to the interviews, it started as pro-Gaza anti-Israel rhetoric. Then it escalated with specific threats to specific students, but many of those threats were online, not on the campus. Columbia also had two separate groups protesting. There were students doing a camp-out on the lawn but there were also pro-Palestinian activists who were in the public areas outside campus that were agitating. Oddly, when universities started cracking down on the student protests, the other protesters just vanished.
When I was a graduate student, campus Christians set up "preach-a-thons" on the campus quad. The protests were first directed toward sinners in general. Then the "preachers" showed up with bullhorns and the messages got increasingly anti-gay with one preacher daily dressing as Jesus and directing his preaching toward anyone he thought might be gay. The campus gay students organization didn't complain, instead they set up a booth next to the evangelicals and talked with anyone who stopped by. They held kiss-in counter-protests where they would invite the press to take pictures of gay students holding hands and kissing in front of the preachers. After large crowds of straight students showed up to cheer and drown out the evangelicals, they got off their crosses and went home. Pretty soon, they just stopped coming around because they realized that they were just creating bad press for Christians.
But notably- the campus Christians didn't specifically attack the gay students by name. They did not use pejoratives (although one of the preachers did try to use the word "fag" and was quickly scolded by the campus Christians) and to their credit, the Christians didn't make it personal.
The solution to most hateful speech is more speech. More speech drowns out the hateful speech.
The Columbia students who were harassed should have taken their case with specific examples to the campus Administration. It is never acceptable to be threatened on campus, never acceptable to be called out by name or singled out. However, that's not what happened. The ADL got involved and suddenly, Jewish students were being interviewed on Fox, OAN, NewsNation and other right-wing outlets. Suddenly, Congress was very interested in campus protests and hearings were held. Once Congress got a few university presidents to resign and to break up campus protests, the issue just disappeared, coincidentally after Republicans won in the election.
This issue was used for political reasons in the lead up to an election. Since the election, it's become an excuse to punish universities that the right believes are "too liberal" or who have pro-Palestinian faculty. This is another piece of the autocracy playbook to suppress free speech and scare opponents.