This is probably masochistic, but correct me if I'm wrong.
Aren't "profits" what is left over after operating costs, dividends and retirement contributions etc are paid?
It's not quite that simple.
A company has
costs for employees, materials, overhead; those are inflexible costs, because they come as a matter of doing business -- no choice in the matter.
Whatever comes in at the end of a year that's more than those costs is
earnings. It isn't profit... yet.
Now the company (the board) has a decision: does it announce a dividend? If it does, then the dividend is a cost, because it has to be paid. It's an elective cost, if that makes sense, because they have a choice.
Profit is what's left after all costs. If they don't pay a dividend, all of the earnings are profit; if they pay a dividend, what's left after that is profit.
Got that?
Well, that's just one way to do it.
Anyway, that just points up something important: when a reporter tells you, "Consolidates Widgets had a profit of $1 billion last year", you need to know what definition he's using before that number means anything. They might be considering profit equal to earnings, regardless of dividends, or they might be using the definition I described.
Regardless, something people forget is that those profits, dividends or not -- I should say those
earnings belong to the stockholders. The stockholders are people, lots of people.
We could buy some of that stock, and be some of those people.