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The domestic cat is yet another. It only arises in the mammal kingdom maybe 4000 or less years ago. Perhaps it was the arrival of a cat that led to Adam and Eve being thrown out of the mythical Eden?
OMG! It wasn't a serpent at all -- that was the cat's tail!
So it would have been a black cat, crossing their path....
Where did everything come from originally?
Well, Stephen Hawking once said something along the lines of "God poked nothing, and it began to spin".
Why do some things evolve and others do not?
No challenge, no development.
And mutations strike in no pattern.
There's actually a card game for demonstrating this for high school kids. One thing it demonstrates is that given two identical populations, one may not turn into anything different even though it has the same exact set of mutations and all, while the neighboring one veers off to different behavior and appearance, because of one shift in their environment that the other population doesn't have to deal with. Mutation deals the cards, so to speak, but merely holding them in your hand doesn't change things -- it takes a shift that requires some of those cards to be used, and others to fall out as useless, until the hand you hold is so different from your original one that they can no longer 'breed'.
How did the same "sludge" evolve into mankind, plants, rocks, dirt, water, animals, planets, countless solar systems, etc? That takes a tremendous amount of faith.
The astrophysics and geological parts don't take faith at all; that's just like dominoes falling, really -- a few simple, basic rules.
The real leap comes at non-life --> life.
After that, it's a matter of applying the same general rule used for geology: what we see going on now is the same basic set of things that have gone on to get us here. So when you observe that the "chargers" ridden by knights on the First Crusade would mostly be classed as ponies today, and then look at the fossil record, it's pretty obvious that it traces back to eohippus. While that line is pretty much a line, if you turn to cats, the descendants of the ones eohippus had as contemporaries have branched into groups that can't even mate.
At that point (along with numerous other sorts of animals which show the same thing), it's sort of like drawing lines through points and seeing them converge just like perspective lines in realistic paintings: they all head for a vanishing point.
Sort of like the universe -- both seem to arise from singularities (which BTW inspired an alternate to "the God of the Gaps" -- the God of the Singularities [and a t-shirt I saw on a grad student in physics, depicting a black hole with a white beard and the caption "the Singularity is Watching You"]).

























