Ive never known about the docking station. Does it work as if it was an external drive where data can be moved on or off of it as required or is it meant to transfer the data off the hard drive and onto your computer's drive.
Please view the video I originally posted for the complete concept demonstration. It just acts as a "base" that you pop your drive, upright, into. It has no storage on its own; it just has a USB interface on one side and the spacing and ports to handle the 2.5" or 3.5" drive you're bringing to it on the other. It's why I was mentioning you can go for option 2 which is a cable only, rather than a dock - both will have the same result. Your goal here is to take your own hard drive's enclosure out of the equation to properly determine what is failing; the enclosure, or the drive inside it.
I dont really want to spend much on one. Can I buy a cheaper one (for $30) versus $50. It has better features right?
Stick to brand names; as I wrote in my first reply, lesser or generic names can have issues like cables that don't quite fit (drop away), power supply that gets cut off, etc. There's not really any "features" per se of a docking station, although some models will hold two drives and assign them different drive letters.
And the Seagate drive couldnt be added to the computer as a second drive? For one thing, its power comes from the base.
Generally, most drives in an enclosure can be taken out and run from within a computer. Then it becomes like any drive your computer already has, or you would add to it.
The SATA interface will include the power connector. Most modern computers will have a SATA power connector. Here shows both the SATA port and the wider SATA power port:
And here - often the SATA cable itself may be red, and the SATA power cable will have a black end:
(The old fatter, white power interface pointed out in the first graphic is referred to as a "Molex" connector like so. Your drive may be able to take this connection if required, but it shouldn't be necessary for more modern computers):
If you don't have an extra SATA cable around, or there isn't another cable already in your case you can use, you can pick one up cheaply, and your computer's power supply may have the power cable available. Just hook up your drive this way to test it if you don't want either the docking station or external cable options.