We trade more with Canada than we do China. Mexico comes in third. Based on the list of top three, it would be silly to say that any of them are considered allies for their trade status. 
We take just about anyone's cash, so that is no indicator. I guess you would have to dig into tariffs to find out who we trust most economically, and of course, thanks to Nafta, once again, we find ourselves at Canada and Mexico. We are also dependent upon cheap Mexican day labor, so there is that to consider. 
China is not considered a healthy economy right now. Obama has stalled it, by diddling around with the exchange rate, and yes that would be to our benefit and on purpose.
China's Wen tells Obama exchange rate reforms successful | Reuters
China is heating up too fast now and is going into hyper inflation. America is still the best investment for the world.
Diplomatically? the UK, I believe is the nation that always sides with us at the UN.
As for military partnerships, well that's stupid to even ask. We don't partnership with anyone to our advantage. Our Military is still bigger than the next six below us combined.  We don't partner with people militarily.IF we say we are part of a coalition with someone,  they pretend to have a say and we try to not kill them accidentally. 

 Our military alliances are a sham.
where does Israel fit into all of this? it's a client state. We need at least one ally in the mid east no matter what, and keeping Israel Isolated from it's neighbors makes them need us. 
Saudi Arabia is a great ally at times, but we need them, so the dynamic is different. 
If Netanyahu is calling for a few planes and ships, from our military industrial complex, that just won't happen until after the election.